What are Cholesterol Levels? A Simple Explanation
Cholesterol is a waxy, fat-like substance essential for building healthy cells. It's vital for producing hormones, vitamin D, and for fat digestion. However, too much cholesterol can be problematic.
Cholesterol levels measure the amount of cholesterol in your blood. Your doctor will check your levels with a simple blood test, often during a routine check-up. Results are expressed in milligrams per deciliter (mg/dL).
Two main types of cholesterol exist:
- Low-density lipoprotein (LDL), or "bad" cholesterol: High LDL cholesterol can build up in artery walls, forming plaque. This narrows arteries, reducing blood flow and potentially leading to heart disease and stroke.
- High-density lipoprotein (HDL), or "good" cholesterol: HDL cholesterol helps remove LDL cholesterol from arteries, transporting it to the liver for processing and removal.
What are healthy cholesterol levels?
There's no single "perfect" number; it depends on age, health history, and other risk factors. Here's a general guideline:
- Total cholesterol: Ideally below 200 mg/dL. 200-239 mg/dL is borderline high, and above 240 mg/dL is considered high.
- LDL cholesterol: Desirable levels are below 100 mg/dL. 100-129 mg/dL may be acceptable for some, but monitoring is necessary. Levels of 130 mg/dL or above are generally considered high.
- HDL cholesterol: Levels above 60 mg/dL are desirable; higher is better.
What if my cholesterol levels are high?
Talk to your doctor. They can assess your risk and create a personalized plan, often involving:
- Dietary Changes: Reducing saturated and trans fats (found in processed foods, red meat, and full-fat dairy) and increasing fruits, vegetables, and whole grains.
- Exercise: Regular physical activity boosts HDL cholesterol and supports heart health.
- Medications: Your doctor may recommend cholesterol-lowering medications.
Understanding your cholesterol levels is crucial for maintaining cardiovascular health. Regular cholesterol checks are recommended. If you have concerns, consult your doctor for guidance.
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